Learn how to implement a classic substitution cipher in C! This step-by-step tutorial walks you through encoding and decoding messages by replacing each letter with another according to a fixed key. A ...

The Voynich manuscript—a mysterious medieval book that has defied translation for centuries—may have been created using a special code developed with the help of cards and dice, a new study suggests.

The Voynich manuscript — often called the most mysterious manuscript in the world — has eluded attempts to understand its origin, nature, and purpose for centuries. Its text is made up of a strange ...

Runic script is an alphabetic system based on a non-alphabetical order row. This means that it has letters, like in many languages, but the letters are not arranged in a standard alphabetical order.

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

This project is inspired by the National Archives blog post "Hidden in plain sight: an undeciphered letter from Louis XIV's France". That post highlights an enciphered message from 1670 sent by ...

Back in the early 1800s, a man by the name of Thomas Jefferson Beale reportedly shared in a huge mining find: thousands of pounds of gold, silver, and jewels that would be worth more than $15 million ...

Pages from the Voynich manuscript show botanical and bathing-scene illustrations, early 15th century. Credit: Yale University—Beinecke Library, Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain. The Voynich manuscript ...