The gastric proton pump plays a central role in regulating stomach acidity, enabling both efficient digestion and protection against ingested pathogens. This membrane-embedded enzyme, also known as ...
The electron transport chain (ETC) is crucial for life, as it is essential for cellular ATP production. Most ETC enzymes are large multi-subunit protein assemblies. Of these, complex I is the largest ...
The vacuolar (V-)ATPases are ATP-driven proton pumps that function to acidify intracellular compartments and transport protons across the plasma membrane. They function in various normal and disease ...