Abstract: Marine sponges (Phylum Porifera) are ecologically important, sessile filter feeders that play key roles in benthic ecosystems and are increasingly recognized as sensitive bioindicators of ...

One hundred years ago the birth of immunology was made official by the Nobel Prize award to Elie Metchnikoff and Paul Ehrlich. Metchnikoff discovered phagocytosis by macrophages and microphages as a ...

The Polyplacophora differ from the other taxa of the phylum Mollusca in that their dorsal shell is formed by eight plates or valves, and the mantle forms a belt around the plates. They are benthic and ...