What just happened? Leptons, such as electrons and neutrinos, are elementary particles that do not undergo strong-force interactions with other subatomic particles. "Lepton" is also the alleged name ...

Evidence of a particle made up of four tightly bound quarks tests physicists’ understanding of the force that holds protons and neutrons together. The particles in a hadron are bound tightly together ...

Dr. Pravir Malik is the founder and technologist of QIQuantum and the Forbes Technology Council group leader for Quantum Computing. For decades, the promise of quantum computing has rested on the ...

This paper presents a novel theoretical framework that derives the entire flavor structure of the Standard Model—the masses of the charged leptons and quarks, the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark ...

Dark matter remains one of the biggest mysteries in fundamental physics. Many theoretical proposals (axions, WIMPs) and 40 years of extensive experimental searches have failed to provide any ...

ABSTRACT: To fully address how quarks get decayed and excited, how particles are formed and generated, and how they interact and transmute, a two-flavor (up & down) multi-excitation (ground & excited) ...

When trying to answer questions as deep as “what makes up the universe,” advance planning is key. On June 11, the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine announced the result of a ...

Scientists have observed anyons -- quasiparticles that differ from the familiar fermions and bosons -- in a one-dimensional quantum system for the first time. The results may contribute to a better ...

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

Physicists have used a novel technique to observe individual atoms interacting in free space for the first time ever. The new technique confirms a century-old quantum mechanical theory. When you ...

There’s a pencil lying on my desk right now. It’s not much to look at, but what if I could zoom way in and see the protons and other itty-bitty stuff inside it? My friend Ryan Corbin told me it would ...