Extropy has emerged as a pivotal measure in the quantification of uncertainty, serving as a complementary counterpart to the traditional concept of entropy. Unlike entropy, which is widely used to ...

Fuzzy statistics and random variables represent a progressive fusion of traditional probability theory with the principles of fuzzy logic, enabling the treatment of imprecision and vagueness inherent ...

A changeable independent variable is defined as one that assumes more than one level during an experimental trial or production run. When the values assumed by the variable are plotted against time, ...

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a statistical analysis tool that separates total variability found within a data set into two components: random and systematic factors.