Variation in antibody (Ab) responses contributes to variable disease outcomes and therapeutic responsiveness, the determinants of which are incompletely understood. This study demonstrates that ...

Codeine is an opioid pain medication that is commonly used for the management of moderate to severe pain. Codeine is metabolized by two cytochromes (CYP) P450; i.e., CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, and 10% of ...

The application of pharmacogenetics in identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA sequences that cause clinically significant alterations in drug-metabolizing enzyme activities is ...

Despite global vaccination efforts, COVID-19 continues to pose significant risks, leading to severe complications and fatalities. These risks are driven by disrupted coagulation, impaired fibrinolysis ...

The figure illustrates the major categories of genes that may influence susceptibility to dental caries, organized by their biological functions and pathways. These groups include: (1) Enamel ...