Vacuum arc plasma and ion source technologies underpin a range of advanced applications, from surface coating and materials synthesis to particle acceleration and fusion research. In these systems, a ...

Vacuum arc cathode spots represent highly localised regions of intense plasma activity that occur on the electrode surface under high electrical stress in vacuum environments. These spots are ...

Capillary discharge plasma jets are created by a large current that passes through a low-density gas in what is called a capillary chamber. The gas ionizes and turns into plasma. When plasma expands ...

Plasma cutting – occasionally referred to as ‘plasma arc cutting’ – is a melting process that sees a high-temperature ionized gas jet used to melt the material and expel it from a cut. This ionized ...